What is the difference between synthetic gear oil and mineral gear oil?

Synthetic gear oil and mineral gear oil differ significantly in terms of base oil source, production process, and performance characteristics:

First, in terms of base oil source, mineral gear oil is derived from natural petroleum, which is cost-effective but highly susceptible to temperature fluctuations. In contrast, synthetic gear oil is produced through chemical synthesis or highly refined processes, resulting in a more regular and uniform molecular structure. This provides superior high-temperature stability and low-temperature flow properties, enabling it to perform reliably under extreme climatic conditions.

In terms of performance stability, mineral gear oil has a complex and unstable molecular structure, leading to significant performance fluctuations under temperature changes. For example, in high-temperature environments, its viscosity decreases significantly, reducing lubrication effectiveness; in low-temperature environments, it becomes overly viscous, impairing normal gear operation. Synthetic gear oil, however, maintains excellent performance under both high- and low-temperature conditions due to its stable molecular structure, providing reliable lubrication protection for gears.

Additionally, in terms of service life, mineral gear oil is prone to degradation due to factors such as oxidation and wear over extended use, necessitating frequent replacements. Synthetic gear oil, however, offers longer service life and extended oil change intervals due to its superior stability and wear resistance, thereby reducing vehicle maintenance costs to some extent.

In terms of additive usage, synthetic gear oil and mineral gear oil also differ. To enhance performance, gear oils typically incorporate additives such as anti-wear agents and extreme pressure agents. However, different types of gear oils vary in their additive formulations and quantities, which further influences their performance characteristics and application scope.

In summary, synthetic gear oil and mineral gear oil have fundamental differences in terms of base oil source, molecular structure, service life, and additives. These differences determine their respective advantages and suitable applications. When making a selection, vehicle owners should fully consider factors such as the vehicle's operating environment, conditions, and economic costs to make the most appropriate choice.